{"id":7111,"date":"2025-12-30T18:30:59","date_gmt":"2025-12-31T01:30:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/?p=7111"},"modified":"2025-12-30T18:30:59","modified_gmt":"2025-12-31T01:30:59","slug":"quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho\/","title":{"rendered":"7 Steps in the Accounting Process for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the context of a constantly changing accounting legal framework and strong digital transformation, the accounting process for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is no longer simply about record-keeping but has become the foundation for financial management and risk control. This article provides a comprehensive, up-to-date, and practical overview of standard accounting processes for SMEs in 2026, from the latest legal basis and detailed 7-step implementation, to tax accounting, common mistakes, and accounting trends in 2026, helping businesses operate legally, maintain financial transparency, and optimize business efficiency.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Index<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho\/#Tam_quan_trong_cua_quy_trinh_ke_toan_chuan_trong_ky_nguyen_so_2026\" >The Importance of Standardized Accounting Practices in the Digital Age 2026<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho\/#Tieu_chi_xac_dinh_SME_nam_2026\" >Criteria for defining SMEs in 2026<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho\/#Khung_phap_ly_ke_toan_danh_cho_SME\" >Accounting legal framework for SMEs<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho\/#Chi_tiet_quy_trinh_ke_toan_doanh_nghiep_vua_va_nho_SME\" >Detailed accounting procedures for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho\/#Buoc_1_Thu_thap_va_Kiem_soat_Chung_tu_ke_toan\" >Step 1: Collect and Control Accounting Documents<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho\/#Buoc_2_Phan_tich_nghiep_vu_va_Dinh_khoan\" >Step 2: Business Analysis and Journal Entry<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho\/#Buoc_3_Ghi_so_ke_toan_So_hoa_quy_trinh\" >Step 3: Record in the accounting books (Digitize the process)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho\/#Buoc_4_Kiem_ke_tai_san_va_Doi_chieu_cuoi_ky\" >Step 4: Inventory and End-of-Period Reconciliation of Assets<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho\/#Buoc_5_Thuc_hien_cac_but_toan_ket_chuyen_va_Khoa_so\" >Step 5: Perform closing entries and finalize the books.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho\/#Buoc_6_Lap_Bao_cao_tai_chinh_BCTC\" >Step 6: Prepare Financial Statements<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho\/#Buoc_7_Luu_tru_va_Bao_mat_du_lieu_ke_toan\" >Step 7: Storing and Securing Accounting Data<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho\/#Ke_toan_thue_trong_doanh_nghiep_SME\" >Tax accounting in SMEs\u00a0<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho\/#Cac_sac_thue_co_ban_va_uu_dai\" >Basic and preferential tax rates<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho\/#Nhung_sai_sot_pho_bien_trong_quy_trinh_ke_toan_doanh_nghiep_vua_va_nho\" >Common mistakes in the accounting process of small and medium-sized enterprises.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho\/#Xu_huong_ke_toan_SME_nam_2026\" >SME accounting trends in 2026<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho\/#Ket_luan\" >Conclude<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho\/#Thong_tin_lien_he_MAN_%E2%80%93_Master_Accountant_Network\" >Contact information MAN \u2013 Master Accountant Network\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tam_quan_trong_cua_quy_trinh_ke_toan_chuan_trong_ky_nguyen_so_2026\"><\/span><b>The Importance of Standardized Accounting Practices in the Digital Age 2026<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Entering 2026, the role of accountants in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has undergone a landmark change. Accounting is no longer simply about recording numbers in ledgers; it has become a strategic advisory role for business owners. A well-structured accounting process for SMEs helps to ensure transparency in cash flow, optimize tax costs, and provide timely data for investment decisions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In particular, 2026 marks a significant transition in Vietnam&#039;s accounting legal framework. This is driven by the government&#039;s comprehensive digitalization efforts through electronic invoices generated from cash registers and new regulations. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienphapluat.vn\/van-ban\/Ke-toan-Kiem-toan\/Thong-tu-46-2025-TT-BTC-sua-doi-cac-Thong-tu-linh-vuc-ke-toan-kiem-toan-de-day-manh-phan-cap-phan-quyen-662484.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Circular 46\/2025\/TT-BTC<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This requires accountants to continuously update their skills in order to operate accounting processes in small and medium-sized enterprises as effectively as possible.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tieu_chi_xac_dinh_SME_nam_2026\"><\/span><b>Criteria for defining SMEs in 2026<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To properly apply accounting procedures for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), businesses first need to determine their size category according to Decree 80\/2021\/ND-CP. This classification directly affects the accounting regime and accompanying tax incentives.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Micro-enterprises: Revenue under 3 billion VND\/year or the average number of employees contributing to social insurance per year does not exceed 10 people.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Small businesses: Revenue under VND 50 billion\/year or capital under VND 20 billion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Medium-sized enterprises: Revenue under VND 200 billion\/year or capital under VND 100 billion.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Each type of business will have different requirements regarding the level of detail in the accounting process for small and medium-sized enterprises. However, if your business has foreign investment, you need to consult further.<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-fdi\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FDI enterprise accounting process<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> To gain a thorough understanding of transfer pricing regulations and international financial reporting.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khung_phap_ly_ke_toan_danh_cho_SME\"><\/span><b>Accounting legal framework for SMEs<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7114\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7114\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7114\" src=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Khung-phap-ly-ap-dung-cho-quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho.jpg\" alt=\"Khung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebf to\u00e1n doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Khung-phap-ly-ap-dung-cho-quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Khung-phap-ly-ap-dung-cho-quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Khung-phap-ly-ap-dung-cho-quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Khung-phap-ly-ap-dung-cho-quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Khung-phap-ly-ap-dung-cho-quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7114\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Legal framework applicable to accounting procedures for small and medium-sized enterprises.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Currently, SMEs mainly operate according to the following regulations:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Circular 133\/2016\/TT-BTC: This serves as a &quot;guiding principle&quot; for the current accounting process of small and medium-sized enterprises, helping to simplify the chart of accounts and reporting.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Circular 46\/2025\/TT-BTC: Amending several provisions of Circular 133, effective from July 1, 2025, focusing on increasing the flexibility of document templates and promoting electronic accounting.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Circular 99\/2025\/TT-BTC: The new accounting system will replace the old regulations from 2025; however, businesses need to prepare their data systems in 2026 to ensure a seamless transition.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After clearly identifying which SME category the business belongs to and the corresponding accounting regime according to current regulations, the next important issue is how to implement the accounting process for SMEs correctly, completely, and effectively in actual operation. Based on this legal foundation, businesses need a specific, systematic, and easy-to-apply process. The following section will delve into a detailed analysis of the standard accounting process for SMEs in 7 steps, helping accountants and business owners control the entire accounting lifecycle from documents to financial statements.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chi_tiet_quy_trinh_ke_toan_doanh_nghiep_vua_va_nho_SME\"><\/span><b>Detailed accounting procedures for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7113\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7113\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7113\" src=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho.jpg\" alt=\"Quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebf to\u00e1n doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7113\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Accounting procedures for small and medium-sized enterprises<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To build a solid accounting process for small and medium-sized enterprises, accountants need to strictly adhere to the following 7-step cycle:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Buoc_1_Thu_thap_va_Kiem_soat_Chung_tu_ke_toan\"><\/span><b>Step 1: Collect and Control Accounting Documents<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is the most important starting point in the accounting process for small and medium-sized enterprises. Every economic transaction must be reflected through documentation.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Input documents: Electronic invoice (verify validity on the General Department of Taxation&#039;s portal), warehouse receipt, handover record.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Output documents: Sales invoices, delivery notes, economic contracts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New feature in 2025: According to Circular 46\/2025\/TT-BTC, businesses are allowed to design their own document templates, but they must ensure that they include all seven elements: Document name, number, date, name\/address of the unit, transaction content, quantity\/unit price\/total amount, and signatures of the parties involved.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Buoc_2_Phan_tich_nghiep_vu_va_Dinh_khoan\"><\/span><b>Step 2: Business Analysis and Journal Entry<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After receiving valid documents, the accountant proceeds with the analysis to determine the corresponding accounts. In the accounting process for small and medium-sized enterprises according to Circular 133, the chart of accounts has been significantly streamlined.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Businesses need to pay attention to accounts such as Account 111 (Cash), Account 112 (Bank Deposits), Account 152 (Raw Materials), Account 156 (Goods), and Account 642 (Business Administration Expenses).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Making the correct accounting entries from the start helps to speed up the closing process at the end of the period.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Buoc_3_Ghi_so_ke_toan_So_hoa_quy_trinh\"><\/span><b>Step 3: Record in the accounting books (Digitize the process)<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the 2026 era, accounting processes for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have largely shifted to software-based record-keeping. Common forms include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">General log: Records all transactions in chronological order.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">General Ledger: Systematizes business transactions according to each accounting account.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Detailed ledger: Tracks each individual debtor and each inventory item in detail. Software is used to automate the transfer of data from the journal to the general ledger, minimizing manual errors.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Buoc_4_Kiem_ke_tai_san_va_Doi_chieu_cuoi_ky\"><\/span><b>Step 4: Inventory and End-of-Period Reconciliation of Assets<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A small and medium-sized enterprise accounting process that lacks an inventory check step can easily lead to inaccurate financial reporting.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conduct a daily or weekly cash inventory.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Compare your bank account balance through your bank statement or passbook.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conduct regular inventory checks to address issues related to damaged or obsolete goods.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Submit the reconciliation statement for accounts payable to customers (Account 131) and suppliers (Account 331).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Buoc_5_Thuc_hien_cac_but_toan_ket_chuyen_va_Khoa_so\"><\/span><b>Step 5: Perform closing entries and finalize the books.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the end of the accounting period (month\/quarter\/year), accountants perform closing entries to determine the business results:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transfer revenue (Account 511) and other income (Account 711) to Account 911.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transfer expenses (Accounts 632, 642, 811) to Account 911.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Calculating net profit and accounting for corporate income tax (Account 821). This is a crucial stage in the accounting process for small and medium-sized enterprises to ensure data is ready for financial reporting.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Buoc_6_Lap_Bao_cao_tai_chinh_BCTC\"><\/span><b>Step 6: Prepare Financial Statements<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SMEs applying Circular 133 will prepare a set of financial statements including:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Financial Statement Report (Form B01-DNN).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Report on business performance (Form B02-DNN).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Explanatory notes to the Financial Statements (Form B09-DNN).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Balance Sheet (Form F01-DNN). In the accounting process for small and medium-sized enterprises, financial statements must be submitted to the Tax Authority, the Statistics Authority, and the business licensing authority within 90 days from the end of the fiscal year.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Buoc_7_Luu_tru_va_Bao_mat_du_lieu_ke_toan\"><\/span><b>Step 7: Storing and Securing Accounting Data<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the end of each accounting cycle for small and medium-sized enterprises, records must be stored systematically.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Documents used for management and administration: Must be retained for a minimum of 5 years.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Documents used for accounting entries and financial statement preparation: Must be retained for a minimum of 10 years.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With the cloud trends of 2026, businesses should back up their data on cloud computing platforms with two-factor authentication to avoid the risk of data loss.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thus, fully implementing the 7 steps in the accounting process for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) helps businesses tightly control documents, books, and financial data, while creating a solid foundation for preparing transparent and standardized financial reports. However, for the accounting process to be truly effective and to minimize legal risks, businesses cannot separate tax accounting from the overall accounting system. The following section will focus on analyzing tax accounting in SMEs in 2026, clarifying key taxes, declaration and settlement schedules, and important notes to help businesses comply with regulations and optimize tax obligations legally.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ke_toan_thue_trong_doanh_nghiep_SME\"><\/span><b>Tax accounting in SMEs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tax accounting is an integral part of the accounting process for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Businesses need to pay particular attention to the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_sac_thue_co_ban_va_uu_dai\"><\/span><b>Basic and preferential tax rates<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Within the accounting process for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), understanding basic tax regulations and applicable preferential policies is a prerequisite for accurate tax declarations, minimizing the risk of tax arrears, and optimizing legal tax obligations. Specifically, the taxes that SMEs need to pay particular attention to include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">VAT: Most SMEs choose the deduction method (tax rate 10%, some industries are reduced to 8% under support policies).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Corporate Income Tax: The standard tax rate is 20%. However, micro-enterprises may be eligible for lower preferential tax rates to encourage production and business activities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Personal income tax: Filing should be done monthly (if the tax liability is large) or quarterly, and an annual tax settlement must be completed for all employees.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although the regulations on tax accounting for SMEs are relatively clearly guided by law, in reality, not all businesses apply them correctly and fully during implementation. The discrepancy between the regulations on paper and their practical application in daily operations has led to many SMEs facing tax and accounting risks. Based on these real-world situations, the following section of MAN \u2013 Master Accountant Network will summarize practical implementation experiences and common mistakes that SMEs often encounter, helping businesses proactively prevent and improve their accounting processes.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhung_sai_sot_pho_bien_trong_quy_trinh_ke_toan_doanh_nghiep_vua_va_nho\"><\/span><b>Common mistakes in the accounting process of small and medium-sized enterprises.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7115\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7115\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7115\" src=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Nhung-sai-sot-pho-bien-trong-quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho.jpg\" alt=\"Nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebf to\u00e1n doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Nhung-sai-sot-pho-bien-trong-quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Nhung-sai-sot-pho-bien-trong-quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Nhung-sai-sot-pho-bien-trong-quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Nhung-sai-sot-pho-bien-trong-quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Nhung-sai-sot-pho-bien-trong-quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7115\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Common mistakes in the accounting process of small and medium-sized enterprises.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In practice, even with accounting procedures established in accordance with regulations, many SMEs still make mistakes due to ingrained management habits, lack of internal control, or failure to keep up with new legal requirements. These errors not only affect the accuracy of financial reports but also pose significant risks during tax settlements and audits. The table below summarizes common errors that SMEs frequently encounter in practice, along with their consequences, to help businesses proactively review and prevent them.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-color: #000000;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"12\">\n<caption><b>Board: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Common mistakes in the accounting process of small and medium-sized enterprises.<\/span><\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Error\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Reality<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Consequences<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Invalid invoice<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The accountant did not check the seller&#039;s operating status; nor did they look up the tax identification number before recording the input invoice.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The risks include using &quot;phantom&quot; invoices, having expenses disallowed during tax settlement, and facing back taxes and administrative penalties.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Confusing personal expenses and business expenses.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Business owners use company cards for personal expenses; accountants fail to separate expenses that are not related to business operations.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expenses that are not accepted when calculating corporate income tax can distort profits and increase the risk of tax audits.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Incorrect or incomplete cost accounting<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For service businesses, the costs are not fully recorded in account 154; the cost of goods sold is not accurately recorded.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inaccurate business performance reports can easily raise suspicions and lead to in-depth audits by tax authorities.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the accounting process of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is not tightly controlled from the documentation and accounting stages to the aggregation of expenses, businesses are very likely to face the risk of expense disallowances, tax arrears, and prolonged audits. Regular review, standardization of processes, and timely updating of new regulations are key factors in helping SMEs minimize errors and enhance financial transparency in the long term.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Xu_huong_ke_toan_SME_nam_2026\"><\/span><b>SME accounting trends in 2026<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The accounting processes of small and medium-sized enterprises are facing major technological changes:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AI applications: Artificial intelligence can now automatically read data from PDF invoices and suggest appropriate accounting entries. This helps reduce manual data entry time.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Green accounting (ESG): Banks are beginning to prioritize lending to SMEs with transparent financial reporting and indicators of environmental and social compliance. This is a new element that needs to be integrated into modern accounting processes for small and medium-sized enterprises.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Preparing for Circular 99\/2025\/TT-BTC: Businesses need to review their accounting systems to prepare for the change in asset and liability classification according to internationally recognized standards in 2026.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span><b>Conclude<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the context of constantly changing accounting and tax regulations and increasing demands for financial transparency, building and operating a systematic accounting process for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) not only helps businesses comply with regulations but also serves as a foundation for cost control, tax risk mitigation, and improved management efficiency. A standardized accounting process, updated according to new regulations and utilizing appropriate technology, will help SMEs be more proactive in tax audits and inspections, and ready for the next stage of development.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If your business is struggling to standardize accounting processes, update to new regulations, or needs to review its accounting systems before the tax season, partnering with MAN \u2013 Master Accountant Network \u2013 a specialized accounting, tax, and financial consulting firm, will be a safe and effective solution. Our team of experienced experts will help your business accurately assess its current situation, optimize processes, and ensure sustainable legal compliance, allowing you to focus on your core business activities.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thong_tin_lien_he_MAN_%E2%80%93_Master_Accountant_Network\"><\/span><b>Contact information MAN \u2013 Master Accountant Network<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Address: No. 19A, Street 43, Tan Thuan Ward, Ho Chi Minh City<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mobile\/Zalo: 0903 963 163 \u2013 0903 428 622<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Email: man@man.net.vn<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Content production by: Mr. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/man.net.vn\/le-hoang-tuyen\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le Hoang Tuyen<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 Founder and CEO of MAN \u2013 Master Accountant Network, Vietnamese CPA Auditor with over 30 years of experience in Accounting, Auditing and Financial Consulting.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><b><i>MAN Editorial Board \u2013 Master Accountant Network<\/i><\/b><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the context of a constantly changing accounting legal framework and strong digital transformation, the accounting process for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is no longer simply a matter of record-keeping, but has become a foundation for financial management and risk control.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":7112,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7111","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-tin-tuc-ke-toan"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7111","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7111"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7111\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7116,"href":"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7111\/revisions\/7116"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7112"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7111"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7111"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7111"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}