{"id":7158,"date":"2026-01-05T00:38:55","date_gmt":"2026-01-05T07:38:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/?p=7158"},"modified":"2026-01-05T00:38:55","modified_gmt":"2026-01-05T07:38:55","slug":"quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/","title":{"rendered":"80% Businesses make mistakes due to a lack of understanding of commercial business accounting procedures."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The accounting process in commercial enterprises is no longer simply a matter of record-keeping, but has become a core &quot;risk control system&quot; for the business. Even a small error in recording inventory, cost of goods sold, or the timing of invoice issuance can lead to tax arrears, late payment penalties, and distort entire financial reports. This article will provide a comprehensive analysis of the accounting process for commercial enterprises according to the latest legal standards, clarifying each step from document control, purchase and sales accounting, accounts receivable management, cost of goods sold, to end-of-period work and tax settlement, helping businesses operate transparently, optimize taxes, and make accurate business decisions.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Index<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Ke_toan_thuong_mai_la_gi\" >What is commercial accounting?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Nhiem_vu_cua_mot_ke_toan_thuong_mai\" >The duties of a commercial accountant<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Kiem_soat_va_xu_ly_chung_tu_mua_%E2%80%93_ban\" >Control and process purchase and sales documents.\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Hach_toan_mua_hang_va_hang_ton_kho\" >Accounting for purchases and inventory<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Hach_toan_ban_hang_va_doanh_thu\" >Sales and revenue accounting<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Xac_dinh_va_hach_toan_gia_von_hang_ban\" >Determine and account for the cost of goods sold.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Quan_ly_cong_no_phai_thu_%E2%80%93_phai_tra\" >Managing accounts receivable and accounts payable.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Tap_hop_chi_phi_va_cong_viec_cuoi_ky\" >Final cost and work completion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Vai_tro_cua_ke_toan_trong_doanh_nghiep_thuong_mai\" >The role of accounting in commercial enterprises\u00a0<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Dam_bao_tuan_thu_phap_luat_ve_ke_toan_va_thue\" >Ensure compliance with accounting and tax laws.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Kiem_soat_hang_ton_kho_va_loi_nhuan\" >Inventory control and profit<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Cung_cap_du_lieu_cho_quyet_dinh_kinh_doanh\" >Providing data for business decisions.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Ket_noi_cac_bo_phan_trong_doanh_nghiep\" >Connecting different departments within a business.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Quy_trinh_ke_toan_doanh_nghiep_thuong_mai\" >Accounting procedures for commercial enterprises<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Buoc_1_Tap_hop_chung_tu_hoa_don\" >Step 1: Gather documents and invoices<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Chung_tu_hoa_don_phai_tuan_thu_nguyen_tac_Hop_phap_%E2%80%93_Hop_ly_%E2%80%93_Hop_le\" >Invoices and supporting documents must adhere to the principles of: Legality \u2013 Reasonableness \u2013 Validity.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Chung_tu_ngan_hang\" >Bank documents<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Chung_tu_nop_tien_vao_Ngan_sach_Nha_nuoc\" >Receipt for payment into the State Budget<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Buoc_2_Phan_anh_chung_tu\" >Step 2: Document verification<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Buoc_3_Tap_hop_chi_phi\" >Step 3: Gather costs<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Buoc_4_But_toan_ket_chuyen_va_xac_dinh_ket_qua_kinh_doanh\" >Step 4: Closing entries and determining business results.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Ket_chuyen_cac_khoan_doanh_thu\" >Transfer revenue<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Ket_chuyen_cac_khoan_chi_phi\" >Transferring expenses<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Xac_dinh_ket_qua_kinh_doanh\" >Determine business results<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Ket_chuyen_thue_GTGT_duoc_khau_tru\" >Transfer of deductible VAT<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Buoc_5_Lap_Bao_cao_Tai_chinh_va_Quyet_toan_thue\" >Step 5: Prepare Financial Statements and Tax Settlement Reports<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Ket_luan\" >Conclude<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai\/#Thong_tin_lien_he_MAN_%E2%80%93_Master_Accountant_Network\" >Contact information MAN \u2013 Master Accountant Network<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ke_toan_thuong_mai_la_gi\"><\/span><b>What is commercial accounting?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Commercial accounting is a specialized field of accounting that records, reflects, and controls all economic transactions arising from the buying and selling of goods by commercial enterprises, with the goal of generating profit from the difference between the purchase and sale prices, without going through the production process.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Commercial accounting focuses primarily on:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Goods purchased and sold;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inventory and cost of goods sold;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Revenue, accounts payable, and cash flow;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tax obligations arise from the circulation of goods.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Commercial accounting not only handles bookkeeping but also acts as a risk control department for tax and financial data within the business.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>See more:<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/ke-toan-quan-tri\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Management accounting.<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhiem_vu_cua_mot_ke_toan_thuong_mai\"><\/span><b>The duties of a commercial accountant<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7161\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7161\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7161\" src=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Nhiem-vu-quan-trong-cua-ke-toan-trong-quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai.jpg\" alt=\"Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebf to\u00e1n trong quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebf to\u00e1n doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Nhiem-vu-quan-trong-cua-ke-toan-trong-quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Nhiem-vu-quan-trong-cua-ke-toan-trong-quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Nhiem-vu-quan-trong-cua-ke-toan-trong-quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Nhiem-vu-quan-trong-cua-ke-toan-trong-quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Nhiem-vu-quan-trong-cua-ke-toan-trong-quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7161\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The important role of accountants in the accounting process of commercial enterprises.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Depending on the size of the business, the work of a commercial accountant may be divided or combined, but essentially it will include the following main task groups:<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kiem_soat_va_xu_ly_chung_tu_mua_%E2%80%93_ban\"><\/span><b>Control and process purchase and sales documents.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Controlling and processing purchase and sales documents is a fundamental step in commercial accounting, determining the legality of expenses, revenues, and the entire tax obligation of the business. To minimize the risk of errors and ensure accurate accounting data, commercial accountants need to perform the following tasks:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Verify the legality and validity of input and output invoices;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Compare invoices with contracts, purchase orders, and warehouse receipts\/delivery notes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monitor the status of electronic invoices, ensuring they are created and digitally signed in accordance with regulations.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p><b>See more:<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/ke-toan-doanh-thu\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Revenue accounting.<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hach_toan_mua_hang_va_hang_ton_kho\"><\/span><b>Accounting for purchases and inventory<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Purchasing and inventory accounting is a crucial step in the accounting process of a commercial enterprise, as any discrepancies at this stage directly affect the cost of goods sold, profit, and tax obligations. To tightly control the value of goods and minimize the risk of negative inventory, accountants need to perform the following tasks:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Record the value of goods entering the warehouse at their original cost;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Allocate procurement costs (transportation, loading and unloading, insurance, etc.) to the goods;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Track the quantity and value of inventory for each item and each warehouse.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hach_toan_ban_hang_va_doanh_thu\"><\/span><b>Sales and revenue accounting<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In commercial businesses, sales and revenue accounting is a crucial step that determines the accuracy of business results and tax obligations. Accurately recording sales at the right time, to the right recipients, and with complete documentation helps businesses control revenue transparently and minimize the risk of discrepancies during tax settlement. Specifically, accountants need to perform the following tasks:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recognize revenue at the time of transfer of ownership;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accounting for output VAT;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Track revenue in detail by customer, contract, and sales channel.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Xac_dinh_va_hach_toan_gia_von_hang_ban\"><\/span><b>Determine and account for the cost of goods sold.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Determining and accounting for the cost of goods sold is a crucial step that determines the accuracy of profit and tax obligations in a commercial enterprise. To properly control the cost of goods sold, accountants need to fully implement the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Select and apply an appropriate cost calculation method;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accurate cost accounting is essential to reflect the true gross profit.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Timely detection of discrepancies that cause inventory deficits or incorrect cost of goods sold.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quan_ly_cong_no_phai_thu_%E2%80%93_phai_tra\"><\/span><b>Managing accounts receivable and accounts payable.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Managing accounts receivable and payable not only directly impacts cash flow but also reflects the financial security and operational efficiency of a business. To tightly control accounts receivable and payable, commercial accountants need to implement the following measures simultaneously:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monitor accounts payable and receivable from customers and suppliers;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reconcile accounts payable periodically;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Collaborate with the sales and finance departments to manage cash flow.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p><b>See details:<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/ke-toan-cong-no\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accounts payable accountant.<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tap_hop_chi_phi_va_cong_viec_cuoi_ky\"><\/span><b>Final cost and work completion<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After all purchase, sale, and accounts receivable transactions have been fully recorded, commercial accountants need to perform cost aggregation and end-of-period processing to accurately reflect business results and ensure consistency and transparency in financial statements and tax reports. Key tasks include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Combine selling expenses and administrative expenses;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conduct an inventory count;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transfer revenue and expenses, prepare financial statements and tax reports.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Therefore, in commercial enterprises, commercial accounting plays a crucial role in ensuring legal compliance, protecting profits, and providing financial data for management and business decision-making.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vai_tro_cua_ke_toan_trong_doanh_nghiep_thuong_mai\"><\/span><b>The role of accounting in commercial enterprises\u00a0<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In commercial businesses, accounting plays a pivotal role in the financial management system, as demonstrated in the following aspects:<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dam_bao_tuan_thu_phap_luat_ve_ke_toan_va_thue\"><\/span><b>Ensure compliance with accounting and tax laws.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Commercial accounting helps businesses:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Record all transactions accurately, completely, and promptly.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Minimize the risk of being subject to tax arrears or penalties due to errors in invoices, cost of goods sold, and revenue.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Comply with inspection and audit requirements from the tax authorities.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kiem_soat_hang_ton_kho_va_loi_nhuan\"><\/span><b>Inventory control and profit<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inventory typically represents a significant portion of a commercial business&#039;s assets. Commercial accounting helps to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Discovering slow-moving inventory and outdated goods;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accurately control the cost of goods sold.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accurately reflect the profit margin of each product group.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cung_cap_du_lieu_cho_quyet_dinh_kinh_doanh\"><\/span><b>Providing data for business decisions.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Information from commercial accounting serves as the basis for the Management Board to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Set an appropriate selling price;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Choose the optimal supplier;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adjust business strategy and cash flow management.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_noi_cac_bo_phan_trong_doanh_nghiep\"><\/span><b>Connecting different departments within a business.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Commercial accounting serves as a bridge between:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Purchasing, Inventory, Sales, and Finance Departments<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It helps to ensure that operational data is consistent, transparent, and controllable.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Because it plays a crucial role in controlling inventory, cost of goods sold, revenue, and tax risks, commercial accounting is only truly effective when businesses establish a systematic, consistent, and legally compliant commercial accounting process, from document control to accounting and end-of-period reporting.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quy_trinh_ke_toan_doanh_nghiep_thuong_mai\"><\/span><b>Accounting procedures for commercial enterprises<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7160\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7160\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7160\" src=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Chi-tiet-quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai.jpg\" alt=\"Chi ti\u1ebft quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebf to\u00e1n doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Chi-tiet-quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Chi-tiet-quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Chi-tiet-quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Chi-tiet-quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Chi-tiet-quy-trinh-ke-toan-doanh-nghiep-thuong-mai-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7160\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Details of the accounting process for commercial enterprises<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An effective accounting process for a commercial enterprise not only ensures accurate figures but also supports cash flow control, tax compliance, and legally sound financial reporting. Below are the systematic steps an accounting task should take:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Buoc_1_Tap_hop_chung_tu_hoa_don\"><\/span><b>Step 1: Gather documents and invoices<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is the starting point for all accounting work, so please note:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chung_tu_hoa_don_phai_tuan_thu_nguyen_tac_Hop_phap_%E2%80%93_Hop_ly_%E2%80%93_Hop_le\"><\/span><b>Invoices and supporting documents must adhere to the principles of: Legality \u2013 Reasonableness \u2013 Validity.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><b>Legitimate invoices and documents<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A legally valid invoice is an invoice that:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Invoices are issued by the Ministry of Finance (General Department of Taxation) and granted by tax authorities to business organizations and individuals in accordance with regulations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Invoices are printed by the business itself according to standard templates and have been approved for use by the tax authorities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Invoices are issued proactively by businesses after completing the procedures for notifying the tax authorities about invoice issuance as required by law.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Risks related to input invoices:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The business actually conducts transactions involving the purchase and sale of goods and services; financial records and invoices are complete and meet the conditions for cashless payment for expenses of 20 million VND or more. However, the problem arises because the goods and services provided do not fall under the registered business lines as stated in the company&#039;s business license.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>For example:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Company A signed a contract with Company B for the provision of transfer pricing services. However, Company A&#039;s business registration certificate does not include this business activity. Therefore, the invoice issued by Company A to Company B is illegal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Valid invoices and documents<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A valid invoice is one that is properly prepared in accordance with regulations and current accounting and tax practices, in which all mandatory information must be fully, clearly, and accurately presented. Specifically:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The invoice must include the full date, month, and year it was issued.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Information about the seller and buyer includes full names, business names, addresses, and tax identification numbers;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Specify the payment method, such as cash or bank transfer, and include the bank account number (if applicable).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition, invoices must detail the goods and services, such as the serial number, name of the goods or services, unit of measurement, quantity, unit price, and total amount; information on the tax rate and VAT amount (if taxable); the total amount payable and the amount written in words to ensure transparency.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition to content requirements, a valid invoice must also meet the signature requirements as stipulated. Accordingly, the invoice needs to have the signatures of the seller, the buyer, and the legal representative. If the Director does not sign directly, the business must have a valid authorization document, with the authorized person signing the invoice and affixing the company seal in the upper left corner to ensure its legal validity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>A valid invoice<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When referring to a legitimate invoice, we are essentially talking about a reasonable business expense. However, simply having a legally valid invoice is not enough to qualify for acceptance. The expense must also be reasonable, meaning the content on the invoice must be accurate, reflect the actual transaction, and have a direct connection to the business activities within the scope of the registered business activities stated on the Business Registration Certificate.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chung_tu_ngan_hang\"><\/span><b>Bank documents<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bank documents are important supporting documents for accountants to record non-cash payment transactions of businesses. Common types of documents include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Debit notes: Payment orders, checks;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Banknotes are issued when a business deposits or receives money into its account.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bank accounting vouchers: Bank statements and subsidiary ledgers.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These documents are primarily generated during the payment process for the purchase and sale of goods, services, or other financial transactions conducted through the company&#039;s bank account.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chung_tu_nop_tien_vao_Ngan_sach_Nha_nuoc\"><\/span><b>Receipt for payment into the State Budget<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is the amount of money that businesses have to pay, such as:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Corporate income tax (when tax payable arises during the quarter, or at the end of the year);<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Value Added Tax (when a tax liability arises);<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Personal income tax (When tax is due);<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Related taxes and fees.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Buoc_2_Phan_anh_chung_tu\"><\/span><b>Step 2: Document verification<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accountants perform journal entries and record all documents arising during the period, such as purchase and sale invoices, bank documents, statements, and payment slips for state budget contributions, in accordance with the nature of the economic transaction. Each document must be checked for validity and legality before being entered into accounting to ensure accurate accounting data and compliance with tax regulations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When recording input invoices, accountants need to pay special attention to correctly classifying the nature of the invoices. Invoices related to goods and raw materials entering inventory for sale or commercial purposes are classified as purchase invoices, while invoices for goods and services purchased directly for production, business operations, and business activities are accounted for under the appropriate expense group. Clearly distinguishing these categories from the outset helps to accurately record the cost of goods sold and expenses, and minimizes the risk of discrepancies during tax settlement.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Buoc_3_Tap_hop_chi_phi\"><\/span><b>Step 3: <\/b><b>Cost aggregation<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is one of the key factors in determining a business&#039;s costs:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Salary costs: based on Circular 03\/2015\/TT-BLDTBXH of the Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Depreciation costs of fixed assets: Based on Circular 45\/2015\/TT-BTC;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prepaid costs;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cost of goods sold: The company applies the weighted average method to calculate the cost of goods sold at the end of the period.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other related costs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Buoc_4_But_toan_ket_chuyen_va_xac_dinh_ket_qua_kinh_doanh\"><\/span><b>Step 4: Closing entries and determining business results.<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_chuyen_cac_khoan_doanh_thu\"><\/span><b>Transfer revenue<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the accounting process of a commercial enterprise, after gathering all revenue and related items for the period, the accountant needs to perform the step of transferring revenue and deductions to accurately determine net revenue and as a basis for calculating business results. The content below summarizes the end-of-period revenue transfer entries that commercial enterprises need to perform in accordance with current accounting principles.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-color: #000000;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"12\">\n<caption><b>Board:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Transferring revenue in the accounting process of a commercial enterprise.<\/span><\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Content<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Debit Account<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>The account has\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Meaning<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transfer revenue deductions<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Account 511 (total debit entries for Account 511)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TK 521<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accurately determine net revenue by excluding trade discounts, sales allowances, and returned goods.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transfer of sales revenue<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Account 511 (Total credit entries in Account 511 minus total debit entries in Account 511)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TK 911<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transfer net revenue from sales to the income statement account.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transfer of financial operating revenue<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Account 515 (Total credit entries in Account 515 minus total debit entries in Account 515)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TK 911<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Financial revenue, such as interest on deposits and exchange rate differences, is aggregated to determine the business results for the period.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transfer of other income<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Account 711 (Total credit entries in Account 711 minus total debit entries in Account 711)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TK 911<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Record income from activities outside of core business operations in the business results.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The transfer of revenue in the accounting process of commercial enterprises needs to be carried out fully and accurately according to each revenue group and deduction. This is the basis for correctly determining net revenue, accurately reflecting business results for the period, and minimizing errors when preparing financial statements and tax settlements. Adhering to the correct transfer procedure not only helps to ensure transparency in accounting data but also supports effective business management and proactive control of financial risks.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_chuyen_cac_khoan_chi_phi\"><\/span><b>Transferring expenses<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After gathering all revenue and expenses incurred during the period, the accountant transfers the expenses to account 911 to accurately determine the business results. This is a crucial step in the accounting process of a commercial enterprise, helping to accurately reflect pre- and post-tax profits, and serving as the basis for preparing financial statements and tax settlements according to regulations.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-color: #000000;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"12\">\n<caption><b>Board:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Transferring expenses in the accounting process of a commercial enterprise.<\/span><\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2121%; text-align: center;\"><b>Content<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 58.0808%; text-align: center;\"><b>Closing entries\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2121%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transferring the cost of goods sold.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 58.0808%; text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Debit Account 911 = Total debits to Account 632 \u2013 Total credits to Account 632<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Account number 632 exists.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2121%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transfer of financial expenses<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 58.0808%; text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Debit Account 911 = Total debits to Account 635 \u2013 Total credits to Account 635<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Account number 635.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2121%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transfer of selling expenses<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 58.0808%; text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Debit Account 911 = Total debits to Account 641 \u2013 Total debits to Account 641; Credit Account 641<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Account 641 exists.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2121%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transfer of business management expenses<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 58.0808%; text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Debit Account 911 = Total debits to Account 642 \u2013 Total credits to Account 642<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Account number 642 exists.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2121%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transfer other expenses<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 58.0808%; text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Debit Account 911 = Total debits to Account 811 \u2013 Total credits to Account 811<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is account number 811.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2121%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transferring corporate income tax expense<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 58.0808%; text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Debit Account 911 = Total debits to Account 821 \u2013 Total credits to Account 821<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is account number 821.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By fully transferring all expenses to account 911, the accountant has completed the step of determining the business results for the period. This is an important basis for the enterprise to evaluate its operational efficiency, determine its corporate income tax obligations, and continue to prepare financial statements in accordance with the regulations in the accounting process of commercial enterprises.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Xac_dinh_ket_qua_kinh_doanh\"><\/span><b>Determine business results<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><b>In the case where the business is profitable:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> After transferring all revenue and expenses to account 911, if the total credit balance of account 911 is greater than the total debit balance, the difference is determined as undistributed after-tax profit. The accountant performs the transfer entry as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Debit account 911<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is account number 4212.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The amount transferred is the difference between the total credit balance of account 911 and the total debit balance of account 911.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>In the case of a business incurring losses: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conversely, if the total debits of account 911 are greater than the total credits, the business incurs a net loss after tax for the period. In this case, the accountant transfers the loss from account 911 to account 4212 using the following journal entry:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Debit account 4212<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is account 911.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The transfer value is the difference between the total debits of account 911 and the total credits of account 911.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_chuyen_thue_GTGT_duoc_khau_tru\"><\/span><b>Transfer of deductible VAT<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The principle in accounting for tax transfers is to always reduce two types of taxes:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Input VAT is deductible.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Output VAT payable<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Debit account 3331. The transfer value in this case is the small amount of tax incurred.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is account number 133.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Formula for calculating the transaction amount of account 133:\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-color: #000000;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"12\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The amount generated for account 133 = Total debits of account 133 \u2013 Total credits of account 133.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Formula for calculating the transaction amount of account 3331:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-color: #000000;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"12\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transaction amount for account 3331 = Total Credits of account 3331 \u2013 Total Debits of account 3331<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Find the opening balance of period 133: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The principle for finding the smallest value is based on the following formula:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the beginning balance of account 133 plus the transactions during the period in account 133 is greater than the transactions during the period in account 3331, then the amount transferred will be recorded in account 133.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the beginning balance of account 133 plus the transactions during the period in account 133 is less than the transactions during the period in account 3331, then the amount transferred will be recorded in account 3331.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>For example: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Company X applies the tax declaration method using deduction. In the first quarter of 2025, the following data was available: Beginning balance of deductible account 133 was VND 15,000,000; during the period, the balance of deductible account 133 was VND 25,000,000; and during the period, the balance of deductible account 3331 was VND 30,000,000.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the transfer formula:<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-color: #000000;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"12\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beginning balance = 15,000,000 + 25,000,000 = 40,000,000 &gt; 30,000,000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Then:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Debit account 3331 30,000,000 VND<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is account number 133.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Buoc_5_Lap_Bao_cao_Tai_chinh_va_Quyet_toan_thue\"><\/span><b>Step 5: Prepare Financial Statements and Tax Settlement Reports<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finally, the Balance Sheet and Income Statement are compiled. The Chief Accountant needs to explain how the profit margin has changed compared to the same period.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ket_luan\"><\/span><b>Conclude<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A well-structured accounting process for commercial enterprises not only helps businesses comply with accounting and tax regulations but also creates a transparent financial data system for effective control of inventory, cost of goods sold, and profits. When steps from document control, purchase and sales accounting, accounts receivable management, to year-end closing are performed correctly, businesses can proactively mitigate tax risks and improve the quality of their business decisions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the context of constantly updated tax policies and electronic invoicing, reviewing and improving accounting processes is essential. If your business is struggling to standardize processes, control data, or needs in-depth practical advice, don&#039;t hesitate to contact the professional accounting and auditing team of MAN \u2013 Master Accountant Network for timely support tailored to your business model.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thong_tin_lien_he_MAN_%E2%80%93_Master_Accountant_Network\"><\/span><b>Contact information MAN \u2013 Master Accountant Network<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Address: No. 19A, Street 43, Tan Thuan Ward, Ho Chi Minh City<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mobile\/Zalo: 0903 963 163 \u2013 0903 428 622<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Email: man@man.net.vn<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Content production by: Mr. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/man.net.vn\/le-hoang-tuyen\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le Hoang Tuyen<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 Founder &amp; CEO MAN \u2013 Master Accountant Network, Vietnamese CPA Auditor with over 30 years of experience in Accounting, Auditing and Financial Consulting.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><b><i>MAN Editorial Board \u2013 Master Accountant Network<\/i><\/b><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebf to\u00e1n doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201ch\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t r\u1ee7i ro\u201d c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t sai s\u00f3t nh\u1ecf trong kh\u00e2u ghi nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho, gi\u00e1 v\u1ed1n hay th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":7159,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7158","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7158","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7158"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7158\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7162,"href":"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7158\/revisions\/7162"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7159"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7158"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7158"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ketoan.man.net.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7158"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}