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Vietnamese Corporate Accounting System
Detailed guidance on accounting procedures according to Circular 99/2025/TT-BTC: Account system, documents, ledgers, and financial reports.
Important Note: The new accounting regime, implemented under Circular 99/2025/TT-BTC, takes effect from January 1, 2026 and replaces Circular 200/2014/TT-BTC.
Overview of the Enterprise Accounting Regime
What is the business accounting regime?
The enterprise accounting regime is a system of regulations and instructions on accounting methods, accounting account systems, accounting vouchers, accounting books, and financial reports applied uniformly to enterprises in all fields and economic sectors nationwide.
Objectives of the accounting regime:
- Establish a flexible and consistent framework for accounting methods.
- Ensuring the accuracy, reasonableness, and comparability of accounting information.
- Transparency and providing useful financial information to decision-makers.
- Comply with Vietnamese laws and regulations while moving closer to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).
- Creating a foundation for businesses to proactively transition to IFRS when needed.
Applicable objects
Legal basis:
- Accounting Law No. 88/2015/QH13
- Decree 174/2016/ND-CP
- Circular 99/2025/TT-BTC
- Circular 133/2016/TT-BTC (amended)
- Other guidance circulars
5 Components of the Accounting Regime
The corporate accounting system comprises five main components as stipulated in Circular 99/2025/TT-BTC.
01
Accounting System
The accounting system includes various types of accounts arranged according to new standards.
- Type 1:Cash, cash equivalents and short-term receivables)
- Type 2:This includes fixed assets, long-term investments, and biological assets, and adds account 215 - Biological assets, closely following IFRS.
- Type 3:Short-term debt and long-term liabilities
- Type 4:Equity and Long-Term Debt
- Type 5:Add account 82112 (Additional Corporate Income Tax Expense based on the Global Minimum Tax Rate).
02
Accounting Documents
Reports: Consisting of 4 mandatory forms, with changes to their names and requirements.
- Receipt:
- Payment voucher:
- Warehouse receipt:
- Warehouse delivery note:
- Bill:
03
Accounting Books
Accounting books are used to record, systematize and store all economic transactions.
- General journal:
- Special diary:
- Ledger:
- Detailed book:
- Balance sheet:
04
Financial Report
Financial reports consist of four mandatory forms. However, the Balance Sheet has been revised.
- Balance sheet:
- Business performance report:
- Cash flow statement:
- Financial Statement Notes:
- Financial Statement:
05
Accounting Methods
Accounting methods prescribe how to record, measure and report economic transactions.
- Original price principle:
- Matching principle:
- Principle of caution:
- Accounting period:
- Currency:
- Accounting method:
System of 10 Types of Accounting Accounts
1
Cash and equivalents
9 accounts
9 accounts
2
Financial investment
11 accounts
11 accounts
3
Accounts receivable
14 accounts
14 accounts
4
Inventory
5 accounts
5 accounts
5
Fixed assets
5 accounts
5 accounts
6
Production and business costs
14 accounts
14 accounts
7
Other income
1 account
1 account
8
Other expenses
2 accounts
2 accounts
9
Determine the results
1 account
1 account
10
Off-balance sheet accounts
6 accounts
6 accounts
Download Forms and Instructions
The most complete and updated set of Vietnamese accounting standards documents
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Forms and instructions for business accounting regime